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11. RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND PLANT CLOSING COSTS

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, accrued restructuring, impairment and plant closing costs by type of cost and initiative consisted of the following (dollars in millions):

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDetails with respect to our reserves for restructuring, impairment and plant closing costs are provided below by segment and initiative (dollars in millions):

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDetails with respect to cash and noncash restructuring charges for the years ended DecemberÌý31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 by initiative are provided below (dollars in millions):

2012 RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2012, our Polyurethanes segment implemented a restructuring program to reduce annualized fixed costs by approximately $75Ìýmillion by the third quarter of 2013. In connection with this program, we recorded restructuring expenses of $38Ìýmillion during 2012 primarily for workforce reductions. As of DecemberÌý31, 2012, our Polyurethanes segment restructuring reserve consisted of $27Ìýmillion related to this program. We expect to incur additional charges of $3Ìýmillion through 2013 related to our initiative.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring the fourth quarter of 2012, our Advanced Materials segment began implementing a global transformational change program, subject to consultation with relevant employee representatives, designed to improve the segment's manufacturing efficiencies, enhance commercial excellence and ensure its long-term global competitiveness. As of DecemberÌý31, 2012, our Advanced Materials segment restructuring reserve consisted of $27Ìýmillion primarily related to this program. During 2012, we recorded charges of $38, million of which $28Ìýmillion related to our global transformational change program, $3Ìýmillion related to the reorganization of our global structure and relocation of our divisional headquarters from Basel, Switzerland to The Woodlands, Texas and $3Ìýmillion related primarily to a redesign of our planning process focused on inventory reduction. Our Advanced Materials segment also recorded noncash charges of $4Ìýmillion related to pension settlements. We expect to incur additional charges of $19Ìýmillion through the first half of 2014 related to our initiatives.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2011, our Textile Effects segment began implementing a significant restructuring program, including the closure of our production facilities and business support offices in Basel, Switzerland, as part of an ongoing strategic program aimed at improving the segment's long-term global competitiveness. In connection with this plan, during 2012, we recorded cash charges of $1Ìýmillion for workforce reductions, $9Ìýmillion for decommissioning and other restructuring expenses, and noncash charges of $11Ìýmillion primarily for pension settlements. We expect to incur additional restructuring and plant closing charges of up to approximately $80Ìýmillion through 2014 related to the closure of our production facilities and business support offices in Basel, Switzerland. In addition, during 2012, our Textile Effects segment recorded charges of $4Ìýmillion of which $2Ìýmillion related to the closure of our St.ÌýFons, France facility and $2Ìýmillion related to a global transfer pricing initiative. We reversed charges of $16Ìýmillion which were no longer required for workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany, the simplification of the commercial organization and optimization of our distribution network, the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland and the closure of our production facilities in Basel, Switzerland.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2012, our Textile Effects segment restructuring reserve consisted of $42Ìýmillion, of which $2Ìýmillion related to opening balance sheet liabilities from the Textile Effects Acquisition, $9Ìýmillion related to the consolidation of our Switzerland manufacturing facilities and $31Ìýmillion related to the closure of our production facilities and business support offices in Basel, Switzerland.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2012, our Pigments segment restructuring reserve consisted of $1Ìýmillion primarily related to workforce reductions at our Scarlino, Italy plant. During 2012, our Pigments segment recorded charges of $4Ìýmillion related to the closure of our Grimsby, U.K. plant.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe restructuring reserve related to discontinued operations as of DecemberÌý31, 2012 of $6Ìýmillion was associated with the closure of our Australian styrenics business. For more information, see "NoteÌý25. Discontinued Operations—Australian Styrenics Business Shutdown."

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2012, our Corporate and other segment restructuring reserve consisted of $2Ìýmillion primarily related to a reorganization and regional consolidation of our purchasing activities. During 2012, we recorded charges of $2Ìýmillion in Corporate and other primarily related to workforce reductions in connection with this project.

2011 RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2011, our Advanced Materials segment restructuring reserve consisted of $12Ìýmillion related to workforce reductions in connection with a reorganization of its global structure and relocation of its divisional headquarters from Basel, Switzerland to The Woodlands, Texas. During 2011, our Advanced Materials segment recorded net charges of $20Ìýmillion primarily related this activity.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýOn SeptemberÌý27, 2011, we announced plans to implement a significant restructuring of our Textile Effects segment, including the closure of our production facilities and business support offices in Basel, Switzerland, as part of an ongoing strategic program aimed at improving the Textile Effects segment's long-term global competitiveness. In connection with this plan during 2011, we recorded a charge of $62Ìýmillion for workforce reduction, a pension curtailment gain of $38Ìýmillion and a charge of $53Ìýmillion for the impairment of long-lived assets at our Basel, Switzerland manufacturing facility. For purposes of calculating the impairment charge, the fair value of the Basel, Switzerland manufacturing facility was based on the discounted cash flows of that facility. As of DecemberÌý31, 2011, our Textile Effects segment restructuring reserve consisted of $69Ìýmillion, of which $2Ìýmillion related to opening balance sheet liabilities from the Textile Effects Acquisition, $2Ìýmillion related to workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany, $2Ìýmillion related to the simplification of the commercial organization and optimization of our distribution network, $15Ìýmillion related to the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland, $47Ìýmillion related to the closure of our production facilities and business support offices in Basel, Switzerland and $1Ìýmillion related to the consolidation of our North Carolina sites.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýIn addition, during 2011, our Textile Effects segment recorded charges of $22Ìýmillion, of which $5Ìýmillion related to simplification of our commercial organization and optimization of our distribution network, $12Ìýmillion related to non-workforce reductions incurred for the consolidation of our Switzerland manufacturing facilities, and $4Ìýmillion related to the consolidation of our North Carolina sites. We reversed charges of $4Ìýmillion which were no longer required for workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany and the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2011, our Pigments segment restructuring reserve consisted of $3Ìýmillion primarily related to workforce reductions at our Huelva, Spain and Scarlino, Italy plants. During 2011, our Pigments segment recorded charges of $10Ìýmillion, of which $7Ìýmillion related to the closure of our Grimsby, U.K. plant and $3Ìýmillion related to workforce reductions at our Umbogintwini, South Africa plant.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe restructuring reserve related to discontinued operations as of DecemberÌý31, 2011 of $6Ìýmillion was associated with the closure of our Australian styrenics business. For more information, see "NoteÌý25. Discontinued Operations—Australian Styrenics Business Shutdown."

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2011, our Corporate and other segment restructuring reserve consisted of $1Ìýmillion primarily related to a reorganization and regional consolidation of our transactional accounting activities. During 2011, we recorded charges of $2Ìýmillion in Corporate and other primarily related to workforce reductions in connection with this project.

2010 RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2010, our Performance Products segment restructuring reserve consisted of $1Ìýmillion related to workforce reductions in connection with a new Performance Products organizational structure. During 2010, we recorded charges of $2Ìýmillion related to workforce reductions in connection with this project.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2010, our Advanced Materials segment restructuring reserve consisted of $2Ìýmillion related to workforce reductions in connection with a reorganization designed to implement a regional management structure. During 2010, we recorded net reversals of $2Ìýmillion primarily related to workforce reductions in connection to this project.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2010, our Textile Effects segment restructuring reserve consisted of $25Ìýmillion, of which $2Ìýmillion related to opening balance sheet liabilities from the Textile Effects Acquisition, $1Ìýmillion related to the streamlining of the textile effects business into two global strategic business units as announced during the fourth quarter of 2008, $3Ìýmillion related to workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany and $19Ìýmillion related to the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland. During 2010, our Textile Effects segment recorded net charges of $15Ìýmillion primarily related to the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2010, our Pigments segment restructuring reserve consisted of $8Ìýmillion primarily related to workforce reductions at our Scarlino, Italy plant. During 2010, our Pigments segment recorded net charges of $7Ìýmillion primarily related to the closure of our Grimsby, U.K. plant.

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe restructuring reserve related to discontinued operations as of DecemberÌý31, 2010 of $8Ìýmillion was associated with the closure of our Australian styrenics business. For more information, see "NoteÌý25. Discontinued Operations—Australian Styrenics Business Shutdown."

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2010, our Corporate and other segment restructuring reserve consisted of $5Ìýmillion primarily related to a reorganization and regional consolidation of our transactional accounting and purchasing activities. During 2010, we recorded net charges of $5Ìýmillion in Corporate and other primarily related to workforce reductions in connection with these projects.